The water stop, trash blocking and tailwater control system for medium and small hydropower station water inlets realizes safe water system management of generating units by adopting inlet trash racks, water stop gates and tailwater regulating gates. Trash racks intercept floating debris, aquatic weeds and garbage in the river channel to avoid equipment abrasion and blockage caused by impurities entering the units. The inlet water stop gates can be rapidly closed for water interception to meet the requirements of water cutoff for unit maintenance and fault handling, achieving tight water sealing and anti-seepage effect. The tailwater control system stabilizes the discharge flow and tailwater level through fine adjustment of gate opening, ensures stable operating conditions of the units, and improves the power generation efficiency as well as the operational safety and stability of hydropower station equipment.